Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) - Trucking Industry
This guide answers the most common questions new and experienced truckers have about compliance, regulations, and the trucking industry.
FMCSA Compliance & Drug Testing
What is the FMCSA Drug & Alcohol Clearinghouse?
The FMCSA Drug & Alcohol Clearinghouse is a secure online database that contains records of violations of the FMCSA drug and alcohol testing program for CDL holders. Employers are required to query the Clearinghouse before hiring a driver and annually for current employees. Drivers must register and provide consent for queries at clearinghouse.fmcsa.dot.gov.
How long does a failed drug test stay on your record?
A failed drug test remains in the Clearinghouse until you complete the Return-to-Duty (RTD) process with a qualified Substance Abuse Professional (SAP). Even after completing the RTD process, the violation remains visible for 5 years from the date of the violation determination.
What happens if I refuse a drug test?
Refusing a drug test is treated the same as a positive test result. This includes failing to appear for a test, failing to provide an adequate specimen, or tampering with a specimen. The refusal will be reported to the Clearinghouse and you’ll need to complete the SAP return-to-duty process.
Do I need a DOT physical to get my CDL?
Yes, you must pass a DOT physical examination and obtain a valid Medical Examiner’s Certificate (MEC) to operate a commercial motor vehicle. The physical must be performed by a medical examiner listed on the FMCSA National Registry. Certificates are typically valid for up to 24 months, though some conditions may require more frequent examinations.
Owner-Operator Basics
How much does it cost to become an owner-operator?
Startup costs vary significantly but typically range from $10,000 to $30,000+ including:
- Down payment on truck (if financing): $5,000-$15,000
- Insurance deposits: $3,000-$8,000
- MC/DOT authority: $300-$600
- IFTA/IRP registration: $500-$2,000
- Initial operating capital: $2,000-$5,000
What insurance do I need as an owner-operator?
At minimum, you’ll need:
- Primary liability insurance ($750,000-$1,000,000 minimum)
- Cargo insurance ($100,000 minimum for most freight)
- Physical damage insurance for your truck
- Bobtail/non-trucking liability insurance
- Occupational accident insurance (recommended)
Should I lease on or run under my own authority?
Leasing on offers less paperwork, steady freight, and lower startup costs but typically lower pay per mile. Running under your own authority offers higher earning potential and complete independence but requires more capital, business knowledge, and you’re responsible for finding your own freight.
Hours of Service (HOS)
What are the current HOS rules for property-carrying drivers?
- 11-Hour Driving Limit: May drive up to 11 hours after 10 consecutive hours off duty
- 14-Hour Window: May not drive after the 14th consecutive hour after coming on duty
- 30-Minute Break: Required after 8 hours of driving
- 60/70-Hour Limit: Cannot drive after 60/70 hours on duty in 7/8 consecutive days
- 34-Hour Restart: Can restart the 60/70-hour clock after 34+ consecutive hours off duty
What is the short-haul exemption?
Drivers who operate within a 150 air-mile radius of their work reporting location and return to that location within 14 hours may use the short-haul exemption. These drivers don’t need to keep a logbook or use an ELD but must use time records.
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